I would recommend downloading the sample chapter 2 from the Java Persistence book mentioned in the roadmap section of the Documentation section of the Hibernate web site. The link is
http://www.manning.com/bauer2/
This chapter walks through a simple example. It starts with using the Hibernate API + .hbm.xml, then converts it first to use mapping using Java annotations, then changes the Java code from the Hibernate native API to the Java persistence API. Along the way, it discusses the differences between the two API's. The tradeoff is a portable standard API vs. increased functionality. The last page of the chapter has a table summarizing the differences between using the two API's.