[Category]<>-- {0..1} +parent +child {0..*} --[Category]

alter table Category drop constraint FK6DD211EBB470874
alter table Category drop constraint FK1_parentEE
drop table Category if exists
create table Category (Category_PK bigint generated by default as identity (start with 1), name varchar(255), parent_FK bigint, primary key (Category_PK))
alter table Category add constraint FK6DD211EBB470874 foreign key (Category_PK) references Category
alter table Category add constraint FK1_parentEE foreign key (parent_FK) references Category
5186 [main] INFO hbm2ddl.SchemaExport  - schema export complete
5190 [main] INFO connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider  - cleaning up connection pool: jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost/xdb
src
   se
      snigel
         testcase

Process finished with exit code 0

PK   NAME   PARENT
1   src      <null>   
2   se      1
3   snigel   2
4   testcase   3

src
   src
      src
         src
            src
               src
                  src
                     src
                        src
                           src
                              src
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: too many levels

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class
        abstract="false"
        dynamic-insert="true"
        dynamic-update="true"
        lazy="true"
        name="se.snigel.testcase.Category"
        table="Category"
    >
        <id
            name="primaryKey"
            column="Category_PK"
            type="long"
            unsaved-value="null"
        >
            <generator class="native"/>
        </id>
        <property
            column="name"
            name="name"
            not-null="false"
            type="string"
        />

        <many-to-one
            name="parent"
            cascade="all"
            class="se.snigel.testcase.Category"
            foreign-key="FK1_parentEE"
            access="property">
            <column
                name="parent_FK"
                not-null="false"
/>
        </many-to-one>

        <set
            access="property"
            lazy="true"
            cascade="all"
            inverse="true"
            name="children"
        >
            <key column="Category_PK"/>
            <one-to-many
                class="se.snigel.testcase.Category"
            />
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

/*
* Created on Apr 21, 2005
*/
package se.snigel.testcase;

import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.hibernate.*;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

import java.beans.BeanInfo;
import java.beans.Introspector;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.util.Comparator;
//*/


/**
* Basic Hibernate helper class, handles SessionFactory, Session and
* Transaction.
* <p/>
* Uses a static initializer for the initial SessionFactory creation and holds
* Session and Transactions in thread local variables. All exceptions are
* wrapped in an unchecked RuntimeException.
*
* @author christian@hibernate.org
* @author Karl Wettin <kalle@snigel.net>
*/
public class HibernateUtil {

    /**
     * The MyEchelon instance place holder.
     */
    private static Long myEchelonPrimaryKey;


    public static String jdbcDriver = "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver";
    public static String jdbcURL = "jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost/xdb";
    public static String jdbcUser = "sa";
    public static String jdbcPassword = "";
    public static String hibernateSQLDialect = "org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect";

    /*
    public static String jdbcDriver = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    public static String jdbcURL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myechelon?autoReconnect=true";
    public static String jdbcUser = "root";
    public static String jdbcPassword = "";
    public static String hibernateSQLDialect = "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect";
    */

    private static Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(HibernateUtil.class);
    private static Configuration configuration;
    private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    private static final ThreadLocal threadSession = new ThreadLocal();
    private static final ThreadLocal threadTransaction = new ThreadLocal();
    private static final ThreadLocal threadInterceptor = new ThreadLocal();

    // Create the initial SessionFactory from the default configuration files
    static {
        try {
            configuration = new Configuration()
                    .addClass(Category.class);
            try {
                Class.forName(jdbcDriver).newInstance();
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }

            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.url", jdbcURL);

            if (jdbcUser != null) {
                configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.user", jdbcUser);
            }

            if (jdbcPassword != null) {
                configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.password", jdbcPassword);
            }

            if (hibernateSQLDialect != null) {
                configuration.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", hibernateSQLDialect);
            }

            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", "false");

            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.autocommit", "false");
            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.query.substitutions", "true 1, false 0, yes 'Y', no 'N'");
            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.connection.pool_size", "1");
            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.proxool.pool_alias", "pool1");
            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.jdbc.batch_size", "0");
            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.jdbc.batch_versioned_data", "true");
            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.jdbc.use_streams_for_binary", "true");
            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.max_fetch_depth", "1");
            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.cache.region_prefix", "hibernate.test");
            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.cache.use_query_cache", "true");
            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.cache.provider_class", "org.hibernate.cache.EhCacheProvider");

            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.proxool.pool_alias", "pool1");
            configuration.setProperty("hibernate.proxool.pool_alias", "pool1");

            sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            // We have to catch Throwable, otherwise we will miss
            // NoClassDefFoundError and other subclasses of Error
            log.error("Building SessionFactory failed.", ex);
            throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the SessionFactory used for this static class.
     *
     * @return SessionFactory
     */
    public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
        /*
         * Instead of a static variable, use JNDI: SessionFactory sessions =
         * null; try { Context ctx = new InitialContext(); String jndiName =
         * "java:hibernate/HibernateFactory"; sessions =
         * (SessionFactory)ctx.lookup(jndiName); } catch (NamingException ex) {
         * throw new RuntimeException(ex); } return sessions;
         */
        return sessionFactory;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the original Hibernate configuration.
     *
     * @return Configuration
     */
    public static Configuration getConfiguration() {
        return configuration;
    }

    /**
     * Rebuild the SessionFactory with the static Configuration.
     */
    public static void rebuildSessionFactory() throws RuntimeException {
        synchronized (sessionFactory) {
            try {
                sessionFactory = getConfiguration().buildSessionFactory();
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Rebuild the SessionFactory with the given Hibernate Configuration.
     *
     * @param cfg
     */
    public static void rebuildSessionFactory(Configuration cfg) throws RuntimeException {
        synchronized (sessionFactory) {
            try {
                sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
                configuration = cfg;
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the current Session local to the thread. <p/>If no Session is
     * open, opens a new Session for the running thread.
     *
     * @return Session
     */
    public static Session getSession() throws RuntimeException {
        Session s = (Session) threadSession.get();
        try {
            if (s == null) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("Opening new Session for this thread.");
                }
                if (getInterceptor() != null) {
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        log.debug("Using interceptor: " + getInterceptor().getClass());
                    }
                    s = getSessionFactory().openSession(getInterceptor());
                } else {
                    s = getSessionFactory().openSession();
                }
                threadSession.set(s);
            }
        } catch (HibernateException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        }
        return s;
    }

    /**
     * Closes the Session local to the thread.
     */
    public static void closeSession() throws RuntimeException {
        try {
            Session s = (Session) threadSession.get();
            threadSession.set(null);
            if (s != null && s.isOpen()) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("Closing Session of this thread.");
                }
                s.close();
            }
        } catch (HibernateException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Start a new database transaction.
     */
    public static void beginTransaction() throws RuntimeException {
        Transaction tx = (Transaction) threadTransaction.get();
        try {
            if (tx == null) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("Starting new database transaction in this thread.");
                }
                tx = getSession().beginTransaction();
                threadTransaction.set(tx);
            }
        } catch (HibernateException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Commit the database transaction.
     */
    public static void commitTransaction() throws RuntimeException {
        Transaction tx = (Transaction) threadTransaction.get();
        try {
            if (tx != null && !tx.wasCommitted() && !tx.wasRolledBack()) {
                tx.commit();
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("Committing database transaction of this thread.");
                }
            }
            threadTransaction.set(null);
        } catch (HibernateException ex) {
            rollbackTransaction();
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Commit the database transaction.
     */
    public static void rollbackTransaction() throws RuntimeException {
        Transaction tx = (Transaction) threadTransaction.get();
        try {
            threadTransaction.set(null);
            if (tx != null && !tx.wasCommitted() && !tx.wasRolledBack()) {
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("Tyring to rollback database transaction of this thread.");
                }
                tx.rollback();
            }
        } catch (HibernateException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        } finally {
            closeSession();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Reconnects a Hibernate Session to the current Thread.
     *
     * @param session The Hibernate Session to be reconnected.
     */
    public static void reconnect(Session session) throws RuntimeException {
        try {
            session.reconnect();
            threadSession.set(session);
        } catch (HibernateException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Disconnect and return Session from current Thread.
     *
     * @return Session the disconnected Session
     */
    public static Session disconnectSession() throws RuntimeException {

        Session session = getSession();
        try {
            threadSession.set(null);
            if (session.isConnected() && session.isOpen())
                session.disconnect();
        } catch (HibernateException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException(ex);
        }
        return session;
    }

    /**
     * Register a Hibernate interceptor with the current thread.
     * <p/>
     * Every Session opened is opened with this interceptor after registration.
     * Has no effect if the current Session of the thread is already open,
     * effective on next close()/getSession().
     */
    public static void registerInterceptor(Interceptor interceptor) {
        threadInterceptor.set(interceptor);
    }

    private static Interceptor getInterceptor() {
        Interceptor interceptor = (Interceptor) threadInterceptor.get();
        return interceptor;
    }
}

package se.snigel.testcase;

public class Category {
    private java.lang.String name;
    private java.lang.Long primaryKey = null;

    /**
     * [Category]-- {0..*} +child +parent {0..1} --< >[Category]
     *
     * Attribute holder of association 'parent' in this class.
     */
    private se.snigel.testcase.Category parent;

    /**
     * [Category]< >-- {0..1} +parent +child {0..*} --[Category]
     *
     * Attribute holder of association 'children' in this class.
     */
    private java.util.Set children = new java.util.HashSet();

    /**
     * @return java.lang.Long
     */
    public java.lang.Long getPrimaryKey() {
        return this.primaryKey;
    }

    /**
     * @param primaryKey
     */
    public void setPrimaryKey(java.lang.Long primaryKey) {
        this.primaryKey = primaryKey;
    }

    /**
     * @return java.lang.String
     */
    public java.lang.String getName() {
        return this.name;
    }

    /**
     * @param name The name to be set.
     */
    public void setName(java.lang.String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    /**
     * @return se.snigel.testcase.Category
     */
    public se.snigel.testcase.Category getParent() {
        return this.parent;
    }

    /**
     * @param parent
     */
    public void setParent(se.snigel.testcase.Category parent) {
        this.parent = parent;
    }

    /**
     * @return java.util.Set
     */
    public java.util.Set getChildren() {
        return this.children;
    }

    /**
     * @param children
     */
    public void setChildren(java.util.Set children) {
        this.children = children;
    }

    /**
     * @param o
     * @return boolean
     */
    public boolean equals(java.lang.Object o) {
        if (o == null) {
            return false;
        }

        if (o == this) {
            return true;
        }

        if (this.getPrimaryKey() == null) {
            return false;
        }

        // will fail in most cases, since hibernate use cglib to generate new inner subclasses. if (!o.getClass().equals(this.getClass())) return false;
        if (!(o instanceof se.snigel.testcase.Category)) {
            return false;
        }

        return this.getPrimaryKey().equals(((se.snigel.testcase.Category) o).getPrimaryKey());
    }

    /**
     * @return int
     */
    public int hashCode() {
        if (getPrimaryKey() != null) {
            return getPrimaryKey().hashCode();
        } else {
            return super.hashCode();
        }
    }
}

package se.snigel.testcase;

import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileFilter;
import java.util.Iterator;

/**
* User: kalle
* Date: 2005-nov-20
* Time: 23:44:08
*/
public class Main {
    public static final void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        int FIRST_RUN = 0;
        int SECOND_RUN = 1;
        int run = 0;

        if (run == FIRST_RUN) {
            new SchemaExport(HibernateUtil.getConfiguration()).create(true, true);
        }

        HibernateUtil.beginTransaction();

        Category rootCategory;

        if (run == FIRST_RUN) {
            File rootDir = new File("src");
            rootCategory = new Category();
            rootCategory.setName("root");

            create(rootDir, rootCategory);
            HibernateUtil.commitTransaction();
        }
        rootCategory = (Category) HibernateUtil.getSession().createQuery("from Category c where c.id = 1").list().get(0);
        print(rootCategory, 0);
    }

    private static void print(Category category, int level) {
        if (level > 10) {
            throw new RuntimeException("too many levels");
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < level; i++) {
            System.out.print('\t');
        }
        System.out.println(category.getName());
        for (Iterator it = category.getChildren().iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
            print((Category) it.next(), level + 1);
        }
    }

    private static void create(File dir, Category category) {
        category.setName(dir.getName());
        File[] subdirs = dir.listFiles(new FileFilter() {
            public boolean accept(File file) {
                return file.isDirectory();
            }
        });
        for (File subdir : subdirs) {
            Category child = new Category();
            child.setParent(category);
            category.getChildren().add(child);

            create(subdir, child);
        }
        HibernateUtil.getSession().save(category);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping SYSTEM
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="se.snigel.testcase" default-access="field" >

<class name="Category"
      table="CATEGORY"
      lazy="true">

   <!-- Common id property. -->
   <id name="primaryKey"
      type="long"
      column="CATEGORY_ID"
      unsaved-value="null"
      access="field">
      <generator class="native"/>
   </id>

   <!-- Name is limited to 255 characters.-->
   <property   name="name"
            type="string">
      <column name="NAME"
            not-null="true"
            length="255">
   </property>
    <!-- Nested Set -->
    <many-to-one name="parent"
                 class="Category"
                 access="property"
                 cascade="save-update, persist, merge"
                 foreign-key="FK1_CATEGORY_PARENT_ID">
        <column name="PARENT_CATEGORY_ID"
                not-null="false"/>
    </many-to-one>
    <set    name="children"
            access="property"
            cascade="all"
            inverse="true">
        <!--
            collection-type="org.hibernate.ce.auction.persistence.NestedPersistentSetType" >
            -->
        <key column="PARENT_CATEGORY_ID"/>
        <one-to-many class="Category"/>
    </set>


</class>

</hibernate-mapping>
{