javax.persistence.PersistenceException: org.hibernate.PropertyValueException: not-null property references a null or transient value: test.ManyToOneAndOneToManyTest$Address.contact
   at org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.throwPersistenceException(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:567)
   at org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.persist(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:192)
   at test.ManyToOneAndOneToManyTest.persist(ManyToOneAndOneToManyTest.java:62)
   at test.ManyToOneAndOneToManyTest.testManyToOneAndOneToMany2(ManyToOneAndOneToManyTest.java:116)
   at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
   at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
   at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
   at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
   at junit.framework.TestCase.runTest(TestCase.java:154)
   at junit.framework.TestCase.runBare(TestCase.java:127)
   at junit.framework.TestResult$1.protect(TestResult.java:106)
   at junit.framework.TestResult.runProtected(TestResult.java:124)
   at junit.framework.TestResult.run(TestResult.java:109)
   at junit.framework.TestCase.run(TestCase.java:118)
   at junit.framework.TestSuite.runTest(TestSuite.java:208)
   at junit.framework.TestSuite.run(TestSuite.java:203)
   at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.junit3.JUnit3TestReference.run(JUnit3TestReference.java:128)
   at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
   at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:457)
   at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:670)
   at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:386)
   at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:196)
Caused by: org.hibernate.PropertyValueException: not-null property references a null or transient value: test.ManyToOneAndOneToManyTest$Address.contact
   at org.hibernate.engine.Nullability.checkNullability(Nullability.java:72)
   at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSaveOrReplicate(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:284)
   at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:180)
   at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedId(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:121)
   at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultPersistEventListener.entityIsTransient(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:131)
   at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultPersistEventListener.onPersist(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:87)
   at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.firePersist(SessionImpl.java:611)
   at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.persist(SessionImpl.java:603)
   at org.hibernate.engine.CascadingAction$8.cascade(CascadingAction.java:202)
   at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:213)
   at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:157)
   at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:108)
   at org.hibernate.engine.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:248)
   at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.cascadeBeforeSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:412)
   at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSaveOrReplicate(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:261)
   at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:180)
   at org.hibernate.event.def.AbstractSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedId(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:121)
   at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultPersistEventListener.entityIsTransient(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:131)
   at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultPersistEventListener.onPersist(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:87)
   at org.hibernate.event.def.DefaultPersistEventListener.onPersist(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:38)
   at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.firePersist(SessionImpl.java:620)
   at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.persist(SessionImpl.java:594)
   at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.persist(SessionImpl.java:598)
   at org.hibernate.ejb.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.persist(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:186)
   ... 20 more

package test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.EntityTransaction;
import javax.persistence.FetchType;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;

public class ManyToOneAndOneToManyTest extends TestCase
{
   @javax.persistence.Entity
   public static class Address
   {
      @ManyToOne(optional = false, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
      Contact contact;

      @Id
      @GeneratedValue(generator = "system-uuid")
      @GenericGenerator(name = "system-uuid", strategy = "uuid")
      String id;
   }

   @javax.persistence.Entity
   public static class Contact
   {
      @OneToMany(mappedBy = "contact", cascade = {CascadeType.ALL}, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
      @org.hibernate.annotations.Cascade(org.hibernate.annotations.CascadeType.DELETE_ORPHAN)
      @org.hibernate.annotations.OnDelete(action = org.hibernate.annotations.OnDeleteAction.CASCADE)
      List<Address> addresses = new ArrayList<Address>();

      @ManyToOne(cascade = {CascadeType.ALL}, fetch = FetchType.EAGER, optional = true)
      Address defaultDeliveryAddress;

      @Id
      @GeneratedValue(generator = "system-uuid")
      @GenericGenerator(name = "system-uuid", strategy = "uuid")
      String id;
   }

   private EntityManagerFactory emf;

   private void persist(Object e) throws RuntimeException
   {
      EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();
      EntityTransaction tx = null;
      try
      {
         tx = em.getTransaction();
         tx.begin();
         em.persist(e);
         tx.commit();
      }
      catch (RuntimeException ex)
      {
         if (tx != null && tx.isActive()) tx.rollback();
         throw ex;
      }
      finally
      {
         em.close();
      }
   }

   protected void setUp() throws Exception
   {
      emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("manager1");
   }

   protected void tearDown() throws Exception
   {
      emf.close();
   }

   /**
    * WORKS
    * persisting contact first and address separately
    */
   public void testManyToOneAndOneToMany1()
   {
      Contact contact = new Contact();
      persist(contact);

      Address address = new Address();

      address.contact = contact;
      contact.addresses.add(address);
      contact.defaultDeliveryAddress = address;

      persist(address);
   }

   /**
    * DOES NOT WORK
    * persisting contact and cascade to address
    */
   public void testManyToOneAndOneToMany2()
   {
      Contact contact = new Contact();

      Address address = new Address();

      address.contact = contact;
      contact.addresses.add(address);
      contact.defaultDeliveryAddress = address;

      // exception is thrown here
      persist(contact);
   }
}